The top technology vendor story for 2014 does not involve a shiny new smartphone nor a new public cloud, but crudely rendered PowerPoint slides.2014年科技行业的仅次于新闻不是关于一款闪亮的新智能手机，也不是一个新的公共云服务，而是一堆不特掩盖呈现出的PPT幻灯片。Starting in June, a series of stories started documenting a global intelligence operation last seen on Showtimes Homeland. Those PowerPoint slides, provided by National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden, taught businesses that the convenience of the cloud cuts both ways. By tapping into the pipes exiting data centers belonging to Google Inc., Microsoft Corp. and other tech vendors, the NSA found a convenient way to vacuum vast amounts of data. The NSAs reach was also revealed to extend to cellphone data从6月份开始，一系列文章开始记载一场全球情报行动，这类行动一般来说只有在Showtime频道播映的电视剧《国土安全性》(Homeland)中才不会看见。这些PPT幻灯片由美国国家安全局(NSA)曝光者斯诺登(Edward Snowden)获取，它们向企业表明了云服务的便利性不利也有弊。

通过监控谷歌(Google Inc.)和微软公司(Microsoft Corp.)等科技公司数据中心的数据传输地下通道，NSA找到了一种“便利”的途径取得大量数据。有人透露，NSA监控的范围还伸延到了手机数据。

In the wake of the revelations-henceforth called the Snowden Effect- tech vendors have worked to identify and apply security fixes, while assuring clients that their data remains safe. Abroad, businesses and politicians have touted local solutions. But this is just the beginning. Mr. Snowden is said to retain many more documents and it is quite likely that the Snowden Effect will remain the top tech industry story of 2014.事情曝光后（以下称之为“斯诺登效应”），科技公司希望确认并用于安全补丁，同时向客户确保他们的数据仍是安全性的。在海外，企业和政界人士提倡局部解决方案。

但这还只是开始而已。据传斯诺登手里还有更好的文件，2014年斯诺登效应将很有可能仍旧是科技行业的仅次于新闻。

Meanwhile tech vendors in 2013 had their hands full operating multi-billion-dollar businesses. While many of the younger companies have achieved success, traditional and legacy vendors have struggled. CIO Journal looks back at the most significant news generated by some of the worlds leading tech giants in 2013.与此同时，2013年科技公司无暇运营规模数十亿美元的业务，分身乏术。很多创立时间更加较短的公司获得了顺利，而传统老牌公司却陷入困境。CIO Journal栏目总结了2013年一些全球顶级科技巨头生产的重大新闻。

Microsoft: Microsoft announced in August that CEO Steve Ballmer would retire in 12 months. Mr. Ballmer, who took the CEO reins from founder Bill Gates in 2000, is in the midst of transforming Microsoft from a PC-based software maker to a device and services company, with an emphasis on mobile and cloud computing. Mr. Ballmer admitted that evolution was taken too long, setting the stage for his departure. On Dec. 17, John Thompson, Microsofts board director, said Microsoft would name Mr. Ballmers replacement - from a pool of 20 people - in 2014.微软公司(Microsoft)：微软公司8月份宣告，首席执行长鲍尔默(Steve Ballmer)将在12个月后卸任。鲍尔默2000年接任微软公司创始人盖茨(Bill Gates)兼任首席执行长，他正在希望将微软公司从一家基于个人电脑的软件生产商改变为一家设备和服务公司，重点是移动和云计算。鲍尔默否认，转型花上了太长的时间，这是他辞职的原因之一。

12月17日，微软公司董事汤普森(John Thompson)说道，2014年微软公司将从20名人顺位任命鲍尔默的继任者。Google: The companys biggest reveal this year was its strategy to place moonshot bets on game-changing technology efforts, such as driverless cars. The company this year released to limited availability its Google Glass wearable computer. Google also unveiled Project Loon, an audacious effort to build a global network of high-altitude balloons that bring Internet access to people in remote areas. The company is also mounting a significant foray into robotics. Google is also targeting enterprise customers with cloud infrastructure software, which it released to general availability in December.谷歌(Google)：该公司今年透露的仅次于一则消息是它计划探寻具备划时代意义的科技领域，比如无人驾驶汽车。

该公司今年限量发售了谷歌眼镜(Google Glass)可穿着电脑。谷歌还公布了“Project Loon”，这是一项建构一个全球高空气球网络的大胆计划，使偏远地区的人们也可以网际网路。该公司还将乘机进占机器人学领域。谷歌还面向企业客户发售云基础设施软件，12月份全面发售。

Apple Inc.: For Apple, it was another year, another refresh of its iPhone and iPad. In September, Apples iPhone 5S received plaudits for its fingerprint scanning technology, which promises to make it easier and more secure for users to log in to their device. Announced in October, the iPad Air is a thinner, lighter but souped-up version of its market-leading tablet computer. The company also lured Burberry CEO Angela Ahrendts to run its retail and online store businesses. But CEO Tim Cook, along with the companys stock price, took some hits for failing to bring the long-rumored Apple TV product to market. However, he hinted that a wearable computer of some sort could be on the horizon. Anyone up for an iWatch?苹果(Apple Inc.)：对苹果来说，2013年是新的一年，是iPhone和iPad更新换代的又一年。9月份，苹果的iPhone 5S凭借其指纹识别技术取得了赞誉。指纹识别技术可以使用户更加精彩、更加安全性地登岸设备。

10月份，苹果公布了iPad Air，这是其领先市场的平板电脑的最新款，更加厚、更加重，但功能更加强劲。该公司还找来博柏利(Burberry)首席执行长阿伦茨(Angela Ahrendts)负责管理其零售和网络商店业务。但由于苹果没发售外界猜测已幸的苹果电视(Apple TV)，首席执行长库克(Tim Cook)受到批评，该公司的股价也受到了一定的压制。

不过，库克似乎，有可能未来将会发售一款可穿着电脑。有人想一个iWatch吗？Hewlett-Packard Co.: Hewlett-Packard Co. faced significant challenges in 2013, the second full year in CEO Meg Whitmans multi-year turnaround plan. The company said it would focus on making more competitive servers, storage and networking gear, as well as analytics software. Although H-P is accelerating research and development to boost sales, smaller commodity hardware and cloud software rivals are pressuring the company. Disappointing sales in H-Ps enterprise group prompted Ms. Whitman in August to replace division head David Donatelli. In November, H-P posted weaker fourth-quarter sales, the ninth consecutive top-line decline. Ms. Whitman said 2014 would be a pivotal year for H-P.惠普(Hewlett-Packard Co.)：2013年惠普遭遇了相当大的挑战，这是首席执行长惠特曼(Meg Whitman)发售多年业务挽回计划后的第二个整年。该公司说道，它将专心于生产更加有竞争力的服务器、存储设备和联网设备，以及分析软件。

尽管惠普正在减缓研发以便推展销售，但规模较小的商业硬件和云软件竞争对手相反该公司施加压力。惠普企业集团令人沮丧的销售促成惠特曼今年8月份解职了部门主管多纳泰利(David Donatelli)。

11月份，惠普说道第四季度销售收入下降，这是倒数第九个月营收下降。惠特曼说道，2014年对惠普来说将是至关重要的一年。IBM Corp.: Like H-P, IBM Corp. is shaking up leadership as it struggles in some of its core businesses. Following disappointing third-quarter results in October, CEO Virginia Rometty reassigned James Bramante, the IBM senior vice president who ran growth markets. IBM has missed Wall Streets revenue targets in six of the last seven quarters. IBM also disappointed some customers, some in grand fashion. In August, the premier of the state of Queensland in Australia, Campbell Newman, said he had banned IBM from entering into new contracts with the state until it improved its governance and contracting practices. The company has also been at loggerheads with state officials in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Texas over technology implementations.国际商业机器公司(IBM Corp.)：与惠普一样，在一些核心业务上举步维艰的IBM也正在重组领导层。

今年10月公布了令人沮丧的第三季度业绩之后，IBM首席执行长罗梅蒂(Virginia Rometty)将负责管理茁壮市场的高级副总裁布拉曼特(James Bramante)调职。IBM在过去七个季度中有六个季度都并未超过华尔街预计的营收目标。IBM还让一些客户深感沮丧，有时候是大失所望。

今年8月，澳大利亚昆士兰州州长纽曼(Campbell Newman)说道，他早已禁令IBM与该州签定新的合约，直到IBM提高管理和总承包业务为止。IBM还与美国宾夕法尼亚、印第安那和德克萨斯州的官员在技术实行的问题上发生争执。Dell Inc.: Following a contentious buyout battle with Carl Icahn and other investors, Dell Inc. went private in November to work on its strategic reinvention as a cloud software and services company. The company is helping customers pick and integrate public cloud software from vendors such as Microsoft and Google. To cultivate innovation, the company is investing $300 million over the next several years in startups. Dell said it hopes this effort will generate capital gains for the company, while providing a window into emerging technologies in cloud, security, storage, mobility and analytics.戴尔(Dell Inc.)：经过了与伊坎(Carl Icahn)和其他投资者极具争议的私有化之争后，戴尔于今年11月已完成了私有化目标，力图构建向一家云软件和服务公司的战略性改变。

戴尔于是以掌门客户挑选出并统合来自微软公司(Microsoft)和谷歌(Google)等供应商的公共云软件。为了增进创意，戴尔将在未来几年向初创公司投资3亿美元。戴尔说道，期望这样的措施需要为公司带给资本收益，并关上一扇通向云、安全性、存储、移动和分析等方面的新兴科技的窗口。Oracle Corp.: Oracle CEO Larry Ellison infamously skipped his final keynote at the business software makers customer conference in September to watch his yacht take the Americas Cup. The move overshadowed major announcements the company made at Oracle OpenWorld, including a deal to run Oracle software on Microsofts Windows Azure cloud service. In an acknowledgment that more software is moving to the cloud, Oracle in June partnered with rival Salesforce.com Inc. to integrate business applications in the cloud. Oracle in December acquired Responsys Inc., a maker of cloud marketing software, for $1.5 billion.甲骨文(Oracle Corp.)：甲骨文首席执行长埃利森(Larry Ellison)今年9月份为了观赏他的游艇参与美洲杯帆船赛(America’s Cup)而中止了在公司客户大会上的终场讲话，这个备受非议的行径给甲骨文在Oracle OpenWorld大会上宣告的根本性消息掩盖了阴影，其中还包括在微软公司Windows Azure云服务平台上运营甲骨文软件的协议。

在认识到更加多的软件正在改向云服务之后，甲骨文于今年6月份与竞争对手Salesforce.com Inc.合作，统合了云服务商业应用于。甲骨文今年12月份以15亿美元并购了云营销软件生产商Responsys Inc.。SAP AG: On the whole, it was a relatively quiet year for SAP, the enterprise software maker that is the frequent target of Mr. Ellisons ire. The company made available its HANA in-memory database to run predictive analytics against data housed in SAPs business software. The company also rolled out a cloud version of HANA for businesses. Also significant: SAP said Jim Hagemann Snabe, co-CEO with Bill McDermott, will swap his current role for a position on SAPs supervisory board in May 2014. But SAP also closed out 2013 with some bad news. Avon Products Inc. said it is cancelling a $125 million SAP software system after sales workers in Canada left because it proved too onerous to their routines.SAP AG：总的来说，今年对SAP AG是沉闷的一年，这家企业软件生产商常常沦为埃利森气愤的目标。

SAP AG让其HANA内存数据库可以对SAP商业软件内包括的数据展开预测性分析。该公司还面向企业发售了HANA的云服务版本。某种程度值得注意的是：SAP宣告与孟鼎铭(Bill McDermott)联合兼任首席执行长的施杰翰(Jim Hagemann Snabe)将在2014年5月从当前职位改任SAP监督委员会的一个职位。

但SAP今年也有一些坏消息。雅芳(Avon Products Inc.)宣告将中止一个1.25亿美元的SAP软件系统，因为雅芳派驻加拿大的许多销售人员实在这个系统对他们的日常工作来说过分繁复，因而辞任了工作。

Salesforce.com Inc.: Cloud software maker Salesforce.com spent the last seven years buying companies in marketing engagement, social media, and human resources. In June, it paid $2.5 billion for ExactTarget, its biggest acquisition to date. In November, the company revealed how those purchases fit into its Salesforce1 strategy. Its mission is enabling sales workers to collaborate with coworkers to sell products and services, at any time, from any device, through Salesforce.coms cloud platform. In addition to the Oracle deal, Salesforce.com also partnered with H-P to run software on the systems providers infrastructure.Salesforce.com Inc.：这家云软件生产商过去七年仍然在并购市场营销、社交媒体和人力资源方面的公司。今年6月，该公司耗资25亿美元并购了ExactTarget，这是该公司目前为止仅次于的并购行动。11月，该公司透露了这些并购行动与其Salesforce1战略互为融合的情况。

其任务是让销售人员需要通过Salesforce.com的云平台与同事协作，在任何时间、通过任何设备销售产品和服务。除了与甲骨文的交易，Salesforce.com还与惠普合作，在后者的基础架构上运营软件。

BlackBerry Ltd.: Perhaps no company has endured a more difficult time in 2013 than BlackBerry Ltd., whose business has stumbled as the iPhone and Android phones have soared. After failing to sell many phones based on its revamped BlackBerry 10 operating system, the company in November abandoned a $4.7 billion plan to go private, choosing to continue as a public company with new leadership. BlackBerry replaced CEO Thorsten Heins, who failed to right the ship after he was promoted from within to turn the company around almost two years ago, with former Sybase Inc. CEO John Chen. On Dec. 20, BlackBerry reported a $4.4 billion third-quarter loss quarter, after which Mr. Chen said 2014 would be an investment year for the company.黑莓(BlackBerry Ltd.)：也许2013年没哪个公司的境况比黑莓更糟，黑莓的业务随着iPhone和安卓手机的很快兴起而步履蹒跚。由于使用升级版黑莓10操作系统的手机销量不欠佳，该公司今年11月退出了规模47亿美元的私有化方案，自由选择在新的领导层管理下维持上市公司身份。

黑莓撤除了首席执行长海因斯(Thorsten Heins)，他在近两年前从公司内部晋升这一职位，但没能让公司调整好方向。代替海因斯的是前Sybase Inc.首席执行长John Chen。12月20日，黑莓宣告第三季度亏损44亿美元，之后Chen说道，2014年将是黑莓的“投资年”。

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